GCM-derived climatic change scenarios due to a CO2-doubling applied for the Mediterranean area     

Dr. H. J. Jung  Prof. W. Bach 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1985,35(4):323-339

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Ecosystem responses to climate change in a large on-river reservoir, Lake Paldang, Korea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hae-Kyung Park  Kang-Hyun Cho  Doo Hee Won  Jangho Lee  Dong-Soo Kong  Dong-Il Jung 《Climatic change》2013,120(1-2):477-489

The impact of climate change on a large river reservoir ecosystem was investigated. Long-term meteorological data showed that recent climate change, including warmer winters, increased precipitation intensity and extended dry periods, may have influenced the basin of Lake Paldang, the most downstream reservoir of a series of on-river reservoirs. Extreme hydrologic events and climate warming, acting independently and in combination, appear to be related to changes in the Lake Paldang ecosystem. A significant increase in chlorophyll a concentrations in early spring corresponded to the timing of ice break-up. An increase in winter temperatures, which resulted in a shorter time period of ice-cover and earlier ice break-up, appears to have stimulated phytoplankton growth in winter and early spring. Repeated intensive and extended influxes of turbid water, associated with more frequent extreme rainfall events, have increased concentration of suspended solids and may have influenced the biotic community structure of Lake Paldang. In the mid-2000s, the area vegetated by submerged hydrophytes, the abundance and biomass of the phylum Mollusca, as well as the abundance of fish from the subfamily Acheilognathinae, which spawn in the body of bivalve molluscs, was all smaller than in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Together, these results suggest that climate change may have contributed directly and indirectly to changes in each trophic level of the Lake Paldang ecosystem.  相似文献   

Measuring the accessibility of critical facilities in the presence of hurricane-related roadway closures and an approach for predicting future roadway disruptions     

Kocatepe  Ayberk  Ulak  Mehmet Baran  Kakareko  Grzegorz  Ozguven  Eren Erman  Jung  Sungmoon  Arghandeh  Reza 《Natural Hazards》2019,95(3):615-635

Natural Hazards - Roadway closures magnify the adverse effects of disasters on people since any type of such disruption increases the emergency response travel time (ERTT), which is of central...  相似文献   

A successful transformation of conventional SBR to MBR at Indian casino and facility: a case study of Chumash Casino and Resort Water Reclamation Facility (WRF), water reuse perspectives     

Daeik Kim  Yoonho Cho  Kevin McKennon  Greg Lowe  Sungjin Jung  Jinho Kim 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(16):578

A conventional sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was successfully transformed to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) at an Indian casino resort and hotel, Santa Ynez, California. The technical difficulties from the existing process at the site including a 3-mm screening unit, SBR biological tanks, and sand filtration were relieved of by new biological membrane technology. As the hotel and its vicinity expanded, the existing SBR was not able to treat an increased flow, which was major driving force for such membrane-upgraded project. In addition, as the area was in a high drought zone, without meeting the purpose of water reuse, new hotel expansion was not permitted. New membrane process was designed and built with new 2-mm screening unit, pre-anoxic, oxic (or aerobic), post-anoxic, and MBR tanks along with UV disinfection. The retrofitting work was conducted, minimizing a major revision on the existing SBR structure and its civil work. Therefore, the new packaged system has brought a number of benefits to the customer, thereby utilizing reclaimed water highly meeting the California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22 requirements. The reclaimed water goes to toilet water, cooling tower, and irrigation. This study details how such process transformation was technically finished and would help other similar cases in terms of retrofitting exiting biological process to a membrane application without a major civil construction. The cost analysis including capital, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs was included so that it will be practical to ones who will conduct future similar projects.  相似文献   

A comparison of growth patterns between non‐indigenous Halophila nipponica and the native sympatric Zostera marina on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula          下载免费PDF全文

Jung‐Im Park  Jeong Bae Kim  Kun‐Seop Lee 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(5)

The growth dynamics of two co‐occurring seagrass species, Zostera marina and Halophila nipponica, were examined on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. Zostera marina is a native dominant seagrass species in Korean coastal waters, whereas H. nipponica is a non‐native tropical and subtropical species that has extended its distributional range to the temperate coastal areas of Korea. To examine the differences in the growth dynamics of H. nipponica and Z.  marina, their morphology, density, productivity and biomass, as well as local environmental conditions, were monitored monthly from January 2008 to July 2009. Underwater irradiance at the study site was the highest in April 2009 and the lowest in January 2008. Water temperature ranged from 10.4°C in January 2009 to 24.8°C in September 2008. Significant differences in growth dynamics were observed between the species, due to the effect of water temperature at the study site. Density and areal productivity were the highest in April 2008 and June 2008, respectively, for Z.  marina but the highest in July 2008 for H. nipponica. Leaf size, shoot height and shoot weight were the highest in July 2008 for Z.  marina but the highest in August 2008 or September 2008 for H. nipponica. The productivity of both species was strongly correlated with water temperature at the study site. However, the productivity of these species was not strongly correlated with underwater irradiance or the nutrient availability of either the water column or sediment pore water. Zostera marina exhibited the ecological characteristics of a temperate seagrass, whereas H. nipponica retained the features of a subtropical/tropical seagrass, even after adapting to the temperate coastal waters of Korea.  相似文献   

Estimation of spawning area of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisodonophis sangjuensis</Emphasis> Ji and Kim, 2011 (Pisces: Ophichthidae) based on leptocephali size and distribution     

Hwan-Sung Ji  Kangseok Hwang  Jung Hwa Choi  Hyung-Kee Cha  Jin-Koo Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(2):293-299

Pre-metamorphic leptocephali of Pisodonophis sangjuensis (n = 91, 10.4?90.2 mm in total length, TL) were collected in the East China Sea for the first time. Pre-metamorphic leptocephali of P. sangjuensis, which were identified using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mtDNA COI), are characterized by various combinations of morphological characters: 8 moderate to pronounced gut loops with the kidney terminating on the 6-7th loops; and 8 subcutaneous pigment patches on the tail just ventral to the notochord. Pisodonophis sangjuensis leptocephali were more numerously collected offshore than inshore around Jeju Island. The smallest leptocephali (< 15.0 mm TL) were collected from the south far from Jeju Island, and the largest leptocephali (> 100.0 mm TL) were collected from around Jeju Island and the southern coast of Korea. Our findings indicate that P. sangjuensis spawns offshore south of Jeju Island that is an area associated with high water temperature, and then the hatched leptocephali are transported to Jeju Island or the southern coast of Korea by the Tsushima Warm Current.  相似文献   

Development of a simultaneous search-based pilot point method for subsurface characterization     

Yong Jung  G. Mahinthakumar  Ranji Ranjithan 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(8):2003-2013

Strategically applied geo-environmental clean-up methods require a better groundwater flow and transport model. Hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface is one of great sources of uncertainty of this model. In order to search hydraulic conductivities, the simultaneous search-based pilot point method (SSBM) was developed to reduce computational procedure of pilot point method and increase characterization accuracy using a global optimization tool (genetic algorithm). SSBM searches pilot point locations and hydraulic conductivities at selected pilot points simultaneously. In the four different scenarios, the comparison between random pilot point locations and SSBM showed that SSBM produced less than two orders magnitude differences in terms of average of minimum fitness for thirty trials (e.g. 4.05E?02 for scenario 2). With respect to average minimum fitness and average hydraulic conductivity difference, SSBM was comparable to D-optimality based pilot point method (DBM). SSBM produced lower average minimum fitness values and similar average hydraulic conductivity difference but it had more variance. Through these results, SSBM showed the potential to replace the DBM through reduced computational procedures in sensitivity calculation with consideration of variance minimization.  相似文献   

Stress-induced evolution of anisotropic thermal conductivity of dry granular materials   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jinhyun Choo  Young Jin Kim  Jung Hwoon Lee  Tae Sup Yun  Jangguen Lee  Young Seok Kim 《Acta Geotechnica》2013,8(1):91-106

Various factors, such as the volumetric fraction of constituents, mineralogy, and pore fluids, affect heat flow in granular materials. Although the stress applied on granular materials controls the formation of major pathways for heat flow, few studies have focused on a detailed investigation of its significance with regard to the thermal conductivity and anisotropy of the materials. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the stress-induced evolution of anisotropic thermal conductivity of dry granular materials with supplementary experimental results. Granular materials under a variety of stress conditions in element testing are analyzed by the three-dimensional discrete element method, and quantitative variations in their anisotropic effective thermal conductivity are calculated via the network model and conductivity tensor measurements. Results show that the directional development of contact area and fabric under anisotropic stress conditions leads to the evolution of anisotropy in thermal conductivity. The anisotropy induced in thermal conductivity by shear stress is higher than that induced by compressive stress because shear stress causes more significant changes in microstructural configurations and boundary conditions. The shear-stress-induced evolution of anisotropy between principal thermal conductivities depends on dilatancy as well as shearing mode, and the shear-driven discontinuity localizes the conductivity. Factors involved in the stress-induced evolution and their implications on the thermal conductivity characterization are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of natural and calcined poultry waste on Cd, Pb and As mobility in contaminated soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jung Eun Lim  Mahtab Ahmad  Adel R. A. Usman  Sang Soo Lee  Weon-Tai Jeon  Sang-Eun Oh  Jae E. Yang  Yong Sik Ok 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(1):11-20

The reuse of waste materials as soil additives could be a welcome development in soil remediation. The mobility of Cd, Pb and As in a contaminated soil was investigated using natural and calcined poultry wastes (eggshell and chicken bone), CaCO₃ and CaO at different application rates (0, 1, 3 and 5 %). The chemical composition accompanied with mineralogical composition indicated that CaCO₃ and CaO were the major components in natural and calcined eggshells, respectively, while hydroxyapatite (HAP) dominated the natural and calcined chicken bones. The results showed that soil pH tended to increase in response to increasing application rates of all soil additives. The effectiveness of the additives in reducing Cd, Pb and As mobility was assessed by means of chemical extractions with 0.1 N HCl for Cd and Pb or 1 N HCl for As, according to Korean Standard Test (KST) method. Both calcined eggshell and chicken bone were equally effective with CaO or CaCO₃ in reducing the concentration of 0.1 N HCl-extractable Cd from 6.17 mg kg^?1 to below warning level of 1.5 mg kg^?1, especially at the highest application rate. The application of calcined eggshell, CaO and CaCO₃ also decreased the concentration of 0.1 N HCl-extractable Pb from 1,012 mg kg^?1 to below warning level of 100 mg kg^?1. The Pb concentration decreased significantly with an increasing application rate of chicken bone, but remained above warning level even at the highest application rate. On the contrary, natural and calcined chicken bones led to a significant increase in the mobility of As when compared with the control soil. These findings illustrate that calcined eggshell in particular is equally effective as pure chemical additives in stabilizing Cd and Pb in a contaminated agricultural soil. The presence of As in metal-contaminated soils should be taken into consideration when applying phosphate-containing materials as soil additives, because phosphate can compete with arsenate on adsorption sites and result in As mobilization.  相似文献   

A new methodology for measuring coastline recession using buffering and non‐linear least squares estimation     

Joon Heo  Jung Hwan Kim  Jin Woo Kim 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1165-1177

Coastline recession is one of the best indicators of coastal erosion. Three methods for computing coastline recession – the baseline approach, the dynamic segmentation approach and the area‐based approach – have been used, each of which has one or more drawbacks. To overcome these problems, a new methodology for measuring coastline recession is proposed, using buffering and non‐linear least squares estimation. The proposed method was compared with the three existing methods with respect to two simulated cases and two real coastlines. Test results confirmed that the new method is more reliable than the three other methods, all of which are susceptible to variability of recession, scale, number of line segments, length of coastlines and direction of the baseline. The proposed method, incorporating two physically meaningful values – magnitude and variability of coastline recession according to the mean and standard deviation of coastline offsets, respectively – presents itself as an effective alternative method of assessing coastline recession.  相似文献